Citing continued 2

Poster session or unpublished paper presented at meeting or conference (include month)

Eastmond, D. V. (1995, June). Alone but together: Adult distance study through computer conferencing. Poster session presented at the Informing Science and Information Technology Conference, Cassino, Italy.

Rovai, A. P., & Jordan, H. (2004, July). Blended learning and sense of community: A comparative analysis with traditional and fully online graduate courses. Paper presented at the Informing Science and Information Technology Conference, Rockhampton, Australia.

Dissertations

Dissertation obtained from Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI)

Bower, D. L. (1993). Employee assistant programs supervisory referrals: Characteristics of referring and nonreferring supervisors. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 54(01), 534.

Dissertation obtained from the web

Aguilera, M. K. (2000). Broadening the applicability of failure detectors (Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University). Retrieved from https://catalog.library.cornell.edu

Unpublished Dissertation

Cohen, E. (1979). Title of dissertation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, IN.

Other Media

Citing interviews

Archer, N. (1993). [Interview with Helen Burns, author of Sense and Perception]. Journal of Sensory Studies, 21, 211-216.

In this example, the interview lacks a title, so a description of the interview is given in brackets. If the interview has a title, include the title (without quotation marks) after the year, and then give a further description in brackets if necessary.

Unpublished interviews do not need a reference list entry because they do not provide recoverable data. (See the section on Personal Communication under Parenthetical Citations for how to reference these.)

Citing films or videotapes Place the type of medium, for example, Motion picture or Videotape in the bracketed descriptor.

Weir, P. B. (Producer), & Harrison, B. F. (Director). (1992). Levels of consciousness [Motion picture]. Boston, MA: Filmways.

Here, the main people responsible for the videotape are given, with their roles identified in parentheses after their names. After the title, the medium is identified (here, a motion picture). The distributor's name and location comprises the last part of the entry.

Citing recordings

Writer, A. (Date of copyright). Title of song [Recorded by artist if different from writer]. Title of album [Medium of recording: CD, record, cassette, etc.]. Location: Label. (Recording date if different than copyright)

McFerrin, B. (Vocalist). (1990). Medicine music [Cassette Recording]. Hollywood, CA: EMI-USA.

Citing computer software

Arend, D. N. (1993). Choices (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Champaign, IL: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Research Laboratory. (CERL Report No.CH7-22510)

Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) [Computer software]. Englewood, NJ: Biostat.

If an individual(s) has proprietary rights to the software, their name(s) are listed at the head of the entry, last names first, followed by a period. Otherwise, treat such references as unauthored. Do not italicize the title. Specify in brackets that the source is computer software, program or language. List the location and the organization's name that produced the program. Add any other necessary information for identifying the program (in the first example, the report number) in parentheses at the entry’s conclusion. To reference a manual, follow the same as above but add “manual” as the source in the bracketed information. Do not add a period at the end of a citation if it ends in a web address.